| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
1031078
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| Synonyms | Endosulfan sulfate |
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6,9-Methano-2,3,4-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7 |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 508 |
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EPA Method 608 |
EPA Method 617 |
EPA Method 625 |
EPA Method 8080A |
EPA Method 8081 |
EPA Method 8250A |
| Molecular Formula | C9H6Cl6O4S |
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| Use | SRP: Not commercially produced. Endosulfan is its precursor.
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| Melting Point | 181 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 422.95
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| Environmental Impact | Endosulfan sulfate will be found in the environment as a result of the use of endosulfan
as an insecticide. If endosulfan sulfate is released to the soil, it will be expected to bind to the soil,
and will not be expected to leach to the groundwater. No information about hydrolysis in soils
was found; however, this may be an important fate process based on reported hydrolysis half-lives
for endosulfan isomers of 35.4-37.5 days at pH 7.0 and 150.6-187.3 days at pH 5.5.
Biodegradation may be an important fate process with a half-life of 11 weeks for endosulfan
sulfate incubated with mixed cultures from a sandy loam soil. If endosulfan sulfate is released to
water, it will be expected to adsorb to the sediment and may bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms.
Photolysis may not be an important fate process based on the stability of thin films of endosulfan
sulfate exposed to light >300 nm. Endosulfan sulfate was not degraded in standard screening tests
using settled domestic wastewater as inoculum. However, endosulfan sulfate has been reported to
be biodegraded when exposed to mixed cultures from a sandy loam soil. Hydrolysis in water may
be an important fate process based on reported hydrolsyis half-lives for endosulfan isomers of
35.4-37.5 days at pH 7.0 and 150.6-187.3 days at pH 5.5. Evaporation from water may be an
important transport process based on an estimated half-life of 43 hr for evaporation from a river 1
m deep, flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec. Evaporation from lakes and deeper
streams and rivers will be slower and adsorption to sediments will slow evaporation. If released to
the atmosphere, it will react with hydroxyl radicals with a resulting estimated vapor phase half-life
in the atmosphere of 1.23 hr. Photolysis may not be an important fate process based on the
stability of thin films of endosulfan sulfate to light >300 nm. Exposure to endosulfan sulfate will
result from the ingestion of contaminated food.
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| Environmental Fate | Aquatic Fate: Terminal residues found in aquatic ecosystems include endosulfan sulfate.
Endosulfan sulfate is the major product expected under aerobic conditions in slightly acidic
waters. Oxidation is slow under anaerobic conditions.
Aquatic Fate: In aquatic, environments (water and sediment), endosulfan diol was present along
with smaller amounts of the sulfate.
TERRESTRIAL FATE: If endosulfan sulfate is released to the soil, it will be expected to bind to
the soil based on estimated Koc values, and will not be expected to leach to the groundwater. No
information about hydrolysis in soils was found; this may be an important fate process based on
reported hydrolysis half-lives for endosulfan isomers of 35.4-37.5 days at pH 7.0 and 150.6-187.3
days at pH 5.5 . Biodegradation may be an important fate process with a half-life of 11 weeks
reported when endosulfan sulfate is incubated with mixed cultures from a sandy loam soil, and
endosulfan sulfate has been reported to occur in the metabolic pathway of endosulfan exposed to
mixed cultures from a sandy loam soil(2,SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: Little information about the fate of endosulfan sulfate in water was found. If
endosulfan sulfate is released to water, it will be expected to adsorb to the sediment and may
bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Photolysis may not be an important fate process based on
the stability of thin films of endosulfan sulfate to light >300 nm. Biodegradation may not be an
important fate process since endosulfan sulfate was not degraded in standard screening tests using
settled domestic wastewater as inoculum. However, endosulfan sulfate has been reported to occur
in the metabolic pathway of endosulfan exposed to mixed cultures from a sandy loam soil. No
information about hydrolysis in water was found; this may be an important fate process based on
reported hydrolysis half-lives for endosulfan isomers of 35.4-37.5 days at pH 7.0 and 150.6-187.3
days at pH 5.5. Evaporation from water may be an important transport process based on an
estimated half-life of 43 hr for evaporation from a river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a wind
velocity of 3 m/sec. Evaporation from lakes and deeper streams and rivers will be slower and
adsorption to sediments will slow evaporation processes.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, endosulfan sulfate will react with
hydroxyl radicals with a resulting estimated vapor phase half-life in the atmosphere of 1.23 hr .
Photolysis may not be an important fate process based on the stability of thin films of endosulfan
sulfate to light >300 nm .
TERRESTRIAL FATE: IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT, LOSSES FROM GLASS &
PLANT SURFACES WERE IN THE DECREASING ORDER ENDOSULFAN ETHER,
ENDOSULFAN I, ENDOSULFAN II, ENDOSULFAN SULFATE, ENDOSULFANDIOL. IN
THE GREENHOUSE, HOWEVER, UNDER SEMICONTROLLED CONDITIONS, THE
SEQUENCE OF LOSS FROM PLANT SURFACES WAS, IN DECREASING ORDER,
ENDOSULFAN I, ENDOSULFAN ETHER, ENDOSULFAN II, ENDOSULFANDIOL,
ENDOSULFAN SULFATE.
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| Drinking Water Impact | Residues found in the Brantas River system, and Madura Sea, and the canals and ponds
in the Brantas River system for endouslfan sulfate collected during March, where a major portion
of the spraying was also carried out during this period (ie rainy season, January-April (range)
were: Canals <0.01 - 0.55 ug/l; Fish ponds: <0.01-0.44 ug/l; River system 0.1-0.45 ug/l; Madura
Sea: <0.01-0.28 ug/l.
No endosulfan sulfate residues were detected (method sensitivity 10 ug/l) in well waters
located near treated fields in Wisconsin and Florida 282 and 100 days respectively, after the last
endosulfan application.
SURFACE WATER: USEPA STORET database, 850 samples, 0% pos .
EFFL: USEPA STORET database, 605 samples, 1.6% pos, median <0.020 ppb . National US
Urban Runoff Program, through July, 31, 1982, 15 cities, 0% pos .
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