| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
106898
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| Synonyms | Epichlorhydrin |
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Epichlorohydrin | 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane | Oxirane, 2-(chloromethyl)- |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 8010B |
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EPA Method 8240B |
EPA Method 8260A |
| Molecular Formula | C3H5ClO |
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| Use | INSECT FUMIGANT
SOLVENT FOR NATURAL & SYNTHETIC RESINS, GUMS, CELLULOSE ESTERS &
ETHERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES, NAIL ENAMELS AND LACQUERS, CEMENT FOR
CELLULOID
RAW MATERIAL FOR A NUMBER OF GLYCEROL AND GLYCIDOL DERIVATIVES
STABILIZER IN CHLORINE-CONTAINING MATERIALS, PREPN OF CONDENSATES
WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL SUBSTANCES
COMONOMER FOR UNMODIFIED EPOXY RESINS
CHEM INT FOR GLYCIDYL ETHERS-EG, ALLYL GLYCIDYL ETHER
CHEM INT FOR SYNTHETIC GLYCERIN
COMONOMER FOR POLYAMIDE-EPICHLOROHYDRIN RESINS
MONOMER OR COMONOMER IN EPICHLOROHYDRIN ELASTOMERS
CHEM INT FOR ALKYL GLYCERYL ETHER SULFONATE SURFACTANTS
CHEM INT FOR GLYCIDYL ACRYLATE & GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE; EXAMPLE:
FOR FORMATION OF EYEGLASS LENSES.
CHEM INT FOR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS. USED AS INGREDIENTS IN
HAIR CONDITIONERS AND SURFACTANTS TO DECREASE MOISTURE LOSS FROM
HAIR.
CROSS-LINKING AGENT IN STARCH
CROSS-LINKING AGENT IN MICROENCAPSULATION
HEAT STABILIZER FOR PLASTICS
SCAVENGING ADDITIVE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE
SPORICIDE
REACTIVE PLASTICIZER
CHEM INT FOR POLYTHIOLS
Cross-linking agent for cyclodextrins
Intermediate in the production of beta-blocker, aryloxypropanolamine.
Used as co-stabilizer to further enhance the overall performance of a mixed-metal combination
.
Used in polymer coating materials in water supply systems.
Raw material for epoxy & phenoxy resins, manufacture of glycerol, curing propylene-based
rubbers, solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, high wet-strength resins for paper industry.
Used in preparation of ion exchange resins, elastomers, solvents, and plasticizers.
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Flexible membrane liners.
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| Consumption Patterns | Epoxy resins, 65%; glycerine, 25%; epichlorohydrin elastomers, 5%; miscellaneous, 5%
(1984)
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| Apparent Color | COLORLESS, MOBILE LIQ
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| Odor | ODOR IS GENERALLY PERCEIVED AS A SLIGHTLY IRRITATING
CHLOROFORM-LIKE ODOR. ; Pungent, garlic; sweet
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| Boiling Point | 116.5 DEG C
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| Melting Point | -48.0 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 92.53
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| Density | 1.1801 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | SENSORY PERCEPTION STUDIES INDICATE THAT MEAN THRESHOLD FOR
ODOR RECOGNITION IS APPROX 10 PPM @ 25 PPM IT IS RECOGNIZED BY
MAJORITY OF PERSONS.
Human Odor Perception: non perception 0.2 mg/cu m; perception 0.3 mg/cu m
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| Sensitivity Data | MARKED NOSE & EYE IRRITATION OCCUR ONLY ABOVE 100 PPM.
Epichlorohydrin effect on the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract may be delayed for several hours.
Epichlorohydrin causes dermatitis.
Inhalation of epichlorohydrin causes irritation of the eyes and throat.
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| Environmental Impact | Epichlorohydrin may be released to the atmosphere and in wastewater during its
production and use in epoxy resins, glycerin manufacture, as a chemical intermediate in the
manufacture of other chemicals, and other uses. If released into water it will be lost primarily by
evaporation (half-life 29 hr in a typical river) and hydrolysis (half-life 8.2 days). It will neither
adsorb appreciably to sediment nor bioconcentrate in fish. If spilled on land, it will evaporate and
leach into the groundwater where it will hydrolyze. Biodegradation and chemical reactions with
ions and reactive species may accelerate its loss in soil and water but data from field studies are
lacking. In the atmosphere, epichlorohydrin will degrade by reaction with photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals (est half-life 4 days). There is a lack of monitoring data for
epichlorohydrin in all but occupational settings. Humans will primarily be exposed to chlorohydrin
in occupational settings.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: If spilled on land, epichlorohydrin will evaporate into the
atmosphere and leach in soil. Although data are lacking, it is probable that biodegradation and
chemical degradation will occur in the soil based upon biodegradation screening studies and the
rapid hydrolysis rate.
AQUATIC FATE: When released into water, epichlorohydrin will be lost by evaporation (half-life
29 hrs. in a typical river) and hydrolyze (half-life 8.2 days) (produce 1-chloropropan-2,3-diol). In
seawater it will additionally react with chloride ions which will reduce its overall half-life to about
5.3 days producing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol as well as the hydrolysis product. Biodegradation is
also likely to occur as is reaction with radicals, but no estimates for the rate of these processes in
natural waters could be found.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released to the atmosphere, epichlorohydrin will degrade by
reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life 4 days; faster under
photochemical smog conditions). It is somewhat soluble in water and will therefore be subject to
wash-out by rain.
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| Drinking Water Impact | SURFACE WATER: Detected, not quantified in unspecified surface water .
GROUND WATER: Point Pleasant, WV (1/78) - Closest well to 20,000 gal spill resulting from
train accident-75 ppm .
EFFL: Detected, not quantified in chemical industry effluent in Louisville, KY .
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