| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
108941
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| Synonyms | Cyclohexanone |
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| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 554 |
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EPA Method 8315 |
| Molecular Formula | C6H10O |
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| Use | SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE ACETATE, NITROCELLULOSE, WAXES, FAT,
VINYL RESINS, CRUDE RUBBER, NATURAL RESINS, SHELLAC, DDT; IN PREPN OF
CYCLOHEXANONE RESINS
CHEMICAL INT IN SYNTH OF CAPROLACTAM FOR NYLON 6 AND ADIPIC ACID
METAL DEGREASING SOLVENT FOR LACQUERS, RESINS AND INSECTICIDES
SOLVENT FOR PVC POLYMERS & COPOLYMERS, LACQUERS; SPOT REMOVER AND
DEGREASER FOR LEATHER
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| Consumption Patterns | 95% FOR CAPROLACTAM AND ADIPIC ACID; 5% FOR SOLVENT
APPLICATIONS (1973)
97% FOR NYLON 6 OR NYLON 66 MFR (1979)
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| Apparent Color | OILY LIQUID ; WATER-WHITE TO PALE YELLOW LIQUID
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| Odor | ODOR REMINISCENT OF PEPPERMINT & ACETONE
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| Boiling Point | 155.6 DEG C @ 760 MM HG; 132.5 DEG C @ 400 MM HG; 110.3 DEG C @ 200 MM
HG; 90.4 DEG C @ 100 MM HG; 77.5 DEG C @ 60 MM HG; 67.8 DEG C @ 40 MM HG;
52.5 DEG C @ 20 MM HG; 38.7 DEG C @ 10 MM HG; 26.4 DEG C @ 5 MM HG; 1.4 DEG C
@ 1.0 MM HG
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| Melting Point | -16.4 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 98.14
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| Density | 0.9421 @ 25 DEG C/4 DEG C; 0.9478 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | 0.12 ppm
0.88 ppm; v/v
Odor low mg/cu m= 0.4800; Odor high 400 mg/cu m; Irritating Concn= 100 mg/cu m
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| Sensitivity Data | Inhalation of vapor can cause irritation of mucous membranes. Contact of liquid may
produce dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
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| Environmental Impact | Cyclohexanone can be released to the environment through air and wastewater emissions
involved with its industrial production and production of derivatives such as nylon. Various
solvent uses result in direct evaporation into the atmosphere. If released to the atmosphere,
cyclohexanone will degrade relatively rapidly by reaction with sunlight produced hydroxyl radicals
(half-life of about 1 day) and by direct photolysis (half-life of about 4.3 days). If released to water,
cyclohexanone may degrade significantly through biodegradation and photolysis. Volatilization
from environmental waters will not be rapid except from rapidly moving, shallow streams. If
released to soil, cyclohexanone will be susceptible to significant leaching. Volatilization and
photodegradation will occur on soil surfaces. Humans will be primarily exposed to cyclohexanone
by inhalation or dermal contact in occupational settings. The general population may be exposed
through consumption of contaminated drinking water or inhalation of contaminated air.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: When released to soil, cyclohexanone can be expected to leach
significantly based on a predicted mean Koc value of 10. Its detection in groundwater and in
leachate from a waste site indicate that leaching does occur in the environment. Various biological
screening studies have found that cyclohexanone is biodegradable in various test systems,
including natural water. This suggests that biodegradation in soil is possible. Cyclohexanone on
soil surfaces will be susceptible to significant volatilization and photodegradation.
AQUATIC FATE: The important environmental fate processes for cyclohexanone in water
appear to be biodegradation, photolysis, and volatilization. Various biological screening studies
have found that cyclohexanone is biodegradable in various test systems, including natural water.
Cyclohexanone photolyzes in ambient air (half-life of about 4.3 days) which suggests that direct
photolysis in water is likely to occur; however, the photolysis rate in water will be slower.
Volatilization from shallow, rapidly moving streams should be significant (estimated half-life of
3.1 days from a model stream one meter deep); however, volatilization from deeper and less
rapidly moving bodies of water such as lakes and ponds will be much slower. Aquatic hydrolysis,
bioconcentration, and adsorption to sediment are not important.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a vapor pressure of 5 mm Hg at 26.4 deg C ,
cyclohexanone should exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC).
It will degrade relatively rapidly by reaction with sun- light produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life of
about 1 day) and by direct photolysis (half-life of about 4.3 days).
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| Drinking Water Impact | DRINKING WATER: Cyclohexanone was qualitatively detected in drinking water from
Miami, FL; Ottumwa, IA; Philadelphia, PA; and Cincinnati, OH . Ottumwa, IA tap water
contained 0.1 ppb cyclohexanone . Positive identifications in drinking water from Cincinnati,
OH (Jan 1980), Miami, FL (Feb 1976), New Orleans, LA (Jan 1976), Ottumwa, IA (Sept 1976),
and Seattle, WA (Nov 1976) .
GROUND WATER: Maximum concn of 30 ppb detected in ground waters from the
Netherlands . Qualitative detection in a ground water aquifer in Australia .
SURFACE WATER: Cyclohexanone was qualitatively detected in surface waters within the blast
zone of Mount St Helens, WA following the volcanic eruption of May 18, 1980 . Qualitative
detection reported for the Rhine River .
EFFL: Cyclohexanone detections reported for wastewaters from chemical, latex, and textile
manufacturing facilities . Wastewater detections for effluents from advanced treatment facilities
in Lake Tahoe(CA), Dallas(TX), and Blue Plains (Washington DC) . A final effluent grab
sample from the Danville, IL POTW collected in Jun 1980 contained cyclohexanone .
Wastewaters from processing shale oil have been found to contain cyclohexanone(4,5).
Cyclohexanone was identified in leachate collected near a municipal landfill in Ontario, Canada(6).
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