| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
108952
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| Synonyms | Phenol |
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Carbolic acid | Benzene, hydroxy- | Phenyl hydroxide | Hydroxybenzene | Oxybenzene |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 604 |
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EPA Method 625 |
EPA Method 8040A |
EPA Method 8250A |
| Molecular Formula | C6H6O |
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| Use | GENERAL DISINFECTANT IN SOLN OR MIXED WITH SLAKED LIME, ETC, FOR
TOILETS, STABLES, CESSPOOLS, FLOORS, DRAINS, ETC; MFR OF COLORLESS OR
LIGHT-COLORED ARTIFICIAL RESINS, MANY MEDICAL & INDUST ORG CMPD &
DYES; REAGENT IN CHEM ANALYSIS
/PHENOL IS STILL STD AGAINST WHICH OTHER ANTISEPTICS ARE COMPARED
PHENOL IS BACTERIOSTATIC IN CONCN OF APPROX 0.2%, BACTERICIDAL ABOVE
1%, & FUNGICIDAL ABOVE 1.3%
CHEM INT FOR PHENOLIC RESINS & BISPHENOL A
CHEM INT FOR CAPROLACTAM VIA CYCLOHEXANONE
CHEM INT FOR XYLENOLS, ESP 2,6-XYLENOL & CRESOLS
CHEM INT FOR NONYL-, DODECYL-, & OTHER ALKYLPHENOLS
CHEM INT FOR ADIPIC ACID VIA CYCLOHEXANOL
CHEM INT FOR O-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
CHEM INT FOR PLASTICIZERS-EG, CRESYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE
CHEM INT FOR 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL & DERIVS
CHEM INT FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL & 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL
EXTRACTIVE SOLVENT FOR PETROLEUM REFINING
CHEM INT FOR MEDICINALS-EG, PHENOLPHTHALEIN
CHEM INT FOR DYES-EG, AZO DYES
BLOCKING AGENT FOR BLOCKED ISOCYANATE MONOMERS
PRESERVATIVE-EG, IN PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE
ANALYTICAL REAGENT-EG, FOR CHOLESTEROL
PEPTIZING AGENT IN GLUE
AS PHARMACEUTIC AID (ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT)
VET: PHENOL HAS BEEN USED INTERNALLY AS ANTISEPTIC & GASTRIC
ANESTHETIC
Used in germicidal paints and slimicides
Phenol is a disinfectant effective against vegetative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
and certain viruses.
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| Consumption Patterns | CHEM INT FOR PHENOLIC RESINS, 43.0%; CHEM INT FOR BISPHENOL A,
20.9%; CHEM INT FOR CAPROLACTAM, 17.0%; CHEM INT FOR XYLENOLS, 6.8%;
CHEM INT FOR NONYLPHENOL, 2.7%; CHEM INT FOR ADIPIC ACID, 1.8%; CHEM
INT FOR O-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID, 1.3%; CHEM INT FOR DODECYLPHENOL,
1.1%; OTHER, 5.4% (1980)
Phenolic resins, 45%; bisphenol-A, 20%; caprolactam, 13%; alkylphenols, 5%; xylenols and
cresols, 5%; aniline, 3%; exports, 4%; misc, 5% (1985)
Adhesives, 60%; plastics, 20% (1985)
About half of USA phenol consumption is directly related to the housing and construction
industries, while an additional 12-15% is related to automotive applications. The manufacture
of phenolic resins remains by far the largest single use of phenol, at 1.182 billion lb in 1987, with
growth of 0.5% to 1.188 billion, in 1988.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phenol. Phenolic resins, 38%; bisphenol-A, 23%; caprolactam, 17%;
alkylphenols, 4%; xylenols, 4%; aniline, 3%; miscellaneous, 5%; exports, 6%.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phenol. Demand: 1986: 2,290 million lb; 1987: 3,100 million lb; 1991
/projected/: 3,300 million lb (Includes exports, imports are negligible).
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| Apparent Color | COLORLESS, ACICULAR CRYSTALS OR WHITE, CRYSTALLINE MASS ;
Colorless to light pink, interlaced, or separate, needleshaped crystals, or a light pink, crystalline
mass
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| Odor | HAS DISTINCT, AROMATIC, SOMEWHAT SICKENING SWEET & ACRID ODOR
; WHEN PERFECTLY PURE, PHENOL IS DEVOID OF ODOR OF CRESOL, BUT IT HAS
PECULIAR AROMATIC ODOR WHICH IS NOT DISAGREEABLE ; Sweet, tarry odor
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| Boiling Point | 181.75 deg C AT 760 MM HG
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| Melting Point | 43 deg C
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| Molecular Weight | 94.11
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| Density | 1.0576 @ 20 deg C/4 deg C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | The phenol odor threshold of 19 people was measured and the lowest range of
concentrations detected was 0.022-0.094 mg/cu m (0.006-0.024 ppm).
Threshold odor concentration: 0.047-0.5 ppm; Absolute odor threshold: 0.048 ppm; Recognition
threshold: median 0.65 ppm, upper-16.4 ppm; Population identification threshold: 0.01-0.47 ppm.
In water odor detection threshold: 5.90 ppm chemically pure/; In air odor recognition threshold:
4.70x10-2 ppm; chemically pure/; In air odor detection threshold: 1.00 ppm purity not specified/;
In air odor recognition threshold 4.70x10-2 ppm pure/; In air odor threshold (type not specified):
7.70x10 10 molecules/cu cm purity not specified/; In air odor threshold (type not specified):
2.60x10 11 molecules/cu cm purity not specified/; In water taste threshold (type not specified):
6.00x10 1 ppm purity not specified/; Odor threshold (medium & type of threshold not specified):
1.05x10 2 ppm purity not specified/; Taste detection threshold in synthetic deodorized butter:
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