| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
156605
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| Synonyms | trans-1,2-Dichloroethene |
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Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (E)- | trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 502.2 |
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EPA Method 524.1 |
EPA Method 524.2 |
EPA Method 601 |
EPA Method 624 |
EPA Method 8010B |
EPA Method 8021A |
EPA Method 8240B |
EPA Method 8260A |
| Molecular Formula | C2H2Cl2 |
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| Use | Used as a solvent for waxes, resins and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of
rubber, as a refrigerant, in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls and in the
extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat. 1,2-Dichloroethylene
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| Boiling Point | 48.0- 48.5 deg C at 760 mm Hg
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| Melting Point | -50 deg C
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| Density | 1.2565 at 20 deg C/4 deg C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | Odor low: 0.3357 mg/cu m; Odor high 1975.00 ppm
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| Sensitivity Data | This liquid can act as a primary irritant producing dermatitis and irritation of mucous
membranes. 1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethylene is an eye irritant. 1,2-Dichloroethylene
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| Environmental Impact | Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene may be released to the environment in air emissions and
wastewater during its production and use. Under anaerobic conditions that may exist in landfills,
aquifers, or sediment one is likely to find 1,2-dichloroethylenes that are formed as breakdown
products from the reductive dehalogenation of common industrial solvents trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is apparently the
more common isomer found although it is mistakenly reported as the trans isomer. The
trans-isomer, being a priority pollutant, is more commonly analyzed for and the analytical
procedures generally used do not distinguish between isomers. If trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is
released on soil, it should evaporate and leach into the groundwater where very slow
biodegradation should occur. If released into water, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene will be lost mainly
through volatilization (half-life 3 hr in a model river). Biodegradation, adsorption to sediment, and
bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should not be significant. In the atmosphere,
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene will be lost by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl
radicals (half-life 3.6 days) and scavenged by rain. Because it is relatively long-lived in the
atmosphere, considerable dispersal from source areas should occur. The general population is
exposed to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in urban air as well as in contaminated drinking water from
ground water sources. Occupational exposure will be via dermal contact with the vapor and liquid
or via inhalation.
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| Environmental Fate | Aquatic and Atmospheric Fate: Photodissociation is not a significant fate for
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in the aquatic or atmospheric environment. Oxidation and hydrolysis
in the aquatic environment is not significant for this compound.
Aquatic Fate: Volatilization is a major transport process for removal of
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene from aquatic systems.
TERRESTRIAL FATE: If trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is released to soil, it should evaporate and
leach into the groundwater where it may very slowly biodegrade.
AQUATIC FATE: If released into water, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene will be lost mainly through
volatilization (half-life 3 hr in model river). Biodegradation and adsorption to sediment should not
be significant.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: In the atmosphere trans-1,2-dichloroethylene will be lost by reaction
with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life 3.6 days.) There is evidence that it will
be scavenged by rain which is to be expected of a water soluble chemical.
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| Drinking Water Impact | DRINKING WATER: Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene was found in Miami drinking water
at 1 ppb . The concn of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in private wells in 5 homes in northern
Winnebago County, IL ranged from ND to 64 ppb, 8 ppb median . The chemical was found in a
groundwater plume of predominantly trichloroethylene believed to originate from an old industrial
source . Two production wells belonging to the Lakewood Utility district near Tacoma, WA
contained 200 ppb of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene from a nearby commercial facility . In a survey
of purgeable organics in 12 parts of the world outside of Europe and North America, only
northern Egypts' contained trans-1,2-dichloroethylene ; measured conc 0.5 ppb .
GROUNDWATER: 4.6% of the 315 wells sampled from the outcrop area of the
Potomac-Raritan-Mogothy aquifer system adjacent to the Delaware River contained
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene . The chemical was absent from wells downdip of the outcrop
area . A site study of a western Connecticut manufacturing plant that used large quantities of
high quality trichloroethylene for degreasing found that 7 of 9 monitoring wells around the plant
contained 1.2 - 320.9 ppb of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene .
EFFL: In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA,
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene was identified in discharges of the following industrial category
(frequency of occurrence; median concn in ppb): iron and steel mfg (2; 2265.9), organics and
plastics (3; 14.6), inorganic chemicals (2; 3.9), rubber processing (2; 19.0), auto and other
laundries (1; 60.6), explosives (1; 3.9), electronics (7; 140.7), mechanical products (2; 13.7),
transportation equipment (1; 29.3), publicly owned treatment works (63; 16.3) . The highest
effluent concn was 3013 ppb in the iron and steel mfg industry .
In another survey of the industrial occurrences of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 4 industries had
wastewater discharges of >0.1 kg/day. These (industry (mean conc (ppb); Max conc (ppb))) were:
metal finishing (260;1700), photographic equipment/supplies (-;2200), nonferrous metal mfg
(75;260), rubber processing (150;290) . The concn of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in 3 sewage
treatment effluents ranged from 31 to 43 ppb . While effluent from the Los Angeles City,
Orange County and San Diego County contained <10 ppb of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, sludge
from two of the plants contained 145 and 44 ppb of the chemical(6). At the Valley of the Drums
waste site near Louisville, KY, water samples contained trace amounts to 75 ppb of
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, while some sediment samples contained trace amounts of the
chemical . In the National Urban Runoff Program in which samples of runoff were collected
from 19 cities (51 catchments) in the U.S., trans-1,2-dichloroethylene was detected in Eugene,
OR and Little Rock, AK (5% of the samples) at levels of 1-3 ppb . In a four city study
(Cincinnati, St. Louis, Atlanta, and Hartford) to determine the major source type of priority
pollutants in tap water and publicly owned treatment work (POTW) influents, it was found that
43%, 38%, and 28% of commercial sources, industrial sources, and POTW influents contained
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene . The average level of the industrial sources was between 10 and 100
ppb while the others were <10 ppb .
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