| Use | Application sites: Non-domestic terrestrial and aquatic food/feed crops, and greenhouse
commercial nursery stock (both outdoor and greenhouse).
PHORATE IS USED TO PROTECT PRIMARILY BRASSICAS, COFFEE, COTTON,
FIELD AND ROOT CROPS, FROM SUCKING & BITING INSECTS, MITES & CERTAIN
NEMATODES. ALSO USED IN MAIZE AND SUGAR BEET AGAINST SOIL-DWELLING
PESTS.
Phorate is a systemic and contact insecticide and acaricide. It is used primarily to protect crops,
especially root and feed crops, cotton, brassicas, and coffee from sucking and biting insects,
mites, and certain nematodes Phorate is also used as a soil insecticide on corn and sugar beets.
A food additive permitted in the feed and drinking water of animals and/or for the treatment of
food-producing animals.
/Insecticide in beetroot, fodder beet, carrots, field beans, broad beans, celery, potatoes,
tomatoes, hops, sunflowers, lucerne, rice, groundnuts, and some ornamentals.
Wide range of insects on a variety of crops: alfalfa, barley, beans, corn, cotton, peanuts, potatoes,
sorghum, sugar beets, soybeans, sugarcane, and wheat.
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| Consumption Patterns | 64% FOR CORN; 13% FOR FIELD CROPS; 13% FOR GRAINS; 10% FOR OTHER
CROPS (1971)
Applied to barley, 4.4%; corn, 8.9%; cotton, 47.6%; sorghum, 3%; sugarbeets, 13.1%; wheat,
22.7%; remainder is used on alfalfa, beans, ornamentals, structures (1984) California use
IN 1971, 4.2 MILLION POUNDS OF PHORATE USED IN UNITED STATES
REPRESENTED2% OF TOTAL INSECTICIDE USED THAT YEAR. USE GROWING
STEADILY, WITH INDICATIONS OF FURTHER INCR .
(1974) 3.50X10 9 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)
(1984) 5.90X10 8 g California use
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| Environmental Fate | Terrestrial Fate: A field expt was conducted to study the behavior of phorate in soil under
subtropical conditions. Phorate granules (10%) were applied to silt loam soil at the rate of 40 kg
active ingredient/ha and incorporated to a 10-cm depth. Phorate was rapidly oxidized to its
sulfoxide and sulfone. Phorate sulfoxide and sulfone were relatively more persistent than phorate
itself.
Terrestrial Fate: A study was conducted to investigate the persistence of selected insecticides after
seasonal (spring and fall) applications to silt loam soil over a 4 yr period. Phorate was applied at
10 kg/ha. Insecticide residues were monitored in the top 15 cm of soil each spring and fall before
application. Insecticide residues accumulated after fall applications but degraded rapidly after
spring applications. Phorate did not accumulate from 1 yr to the next, and its residues represented
less than 0.2% of cmpd applied after 5 yr.
Terrestrial Fate: Phorate has some potential to leach through soil and contaminate groundwater,
particularly where soils are sandy and aquifers are shallow.
Terrestrial Fate: Phorate and carbofuran applied at a 1 kg/ha in a field trial against Hydronomidius
molitor (rice root weevil) had degraded after 4 and 3 months, respectively, in flooded soil. In rice
plants, strong decreases in the content of these insecticides was found 3 wk after application. At
the time of harvest, the rice plants did not contain any insecticide.
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