| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
67630
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| Synonyms | Isopropanol |
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Isopropyl alcohol |
| Molecular Formula | C3H8O |
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| Use | IN ANTIFREEZE COMPOSITIONS; EXTRACTION OF ALKALOIDS; AS SOLVENT
FOR GUMS, SHELLAC, ESSENTIAL OILS, CREOSOTE, RESINS; IN QUICK DRYING
OILS; IN QUICK DRYING INKS; IN DENATURING ALCOHOL; ANTISEPTIC IN HAND
LOTIONS, AFTER SHAVE LOTIONS; COSMETICS; IN MANUFACTURE OF ACETONE
MEDICATION: ANTISEPTIC; MEDICATION (VET): ANTISEPTIC, RUBEFACIENT
IN LINIMENTS, PERMANENT WAVE PREPARATIONS, PHARMACEUTICALS, HAIR
TONICS; AS A SOLVENT IN PERFUMES, OILS, & IN EXTRACTION PROCESSES; AS
RUBBING ALCOHOL; & INGREDIENT IN LIQUID SOAPS & WINDOW CLEANERS
LATENT SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE DERIV; COATING SOLVENT; DEICING AGENT
FOR LIQ FUELS; DEHYDRATING AGENT
SYNTHETIC FLAVORING ADJUVANT
USED IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 25 PPM; CANDY 10-75 PPM; BAKED GOODS
75 PPM.
COMPONENT OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS, (EG, AEROSOL INSECTICIDES);
CHEMICAL PROCESSING SOLVENT; CHEM INTERMED FOR OTHER CHEMS, (EG,
ISOPROPYLAMINE)
Avantine, a brand of isopropyl alcohol, is used as an anesthetic.
As a vehicle for other germicidal compounds.
Manufacture of glycerol
Production of isopropylacetate and herbicidol esters and xanthates
For preserving pathological specimens and for dehydrating tissues; for the preparation of
icepacks; solvent in food; to disinfect equipment
For surgical suture packaging
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| Consumption Patterns | CHEM INTERMED FOR ACETONE, 24%; SOLVENT FOR COATINGS, 15%;
SOLVENT FOR INKS & OILS, 11%; PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS (EG,
ANTISEPTIC AND DISINFECTANT, BATHING SOLUTION FOR SUTURES), 11%;
COMPONENT OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS AND COSMETICS, 11%; CHEMICAL
PROCESSING SOLVENT, 9%; CHEM INTERMED FOR OTHER CHEMS, 7%; GASOLINE
ADDITIVE, 4%; EXPORTS, 8% (1984)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Isopropanol. Coating solvent, 18%; processing solvent, 14%;
pharmaceuticals, 14%; household and personal products, 14%; acetone, 10%; miscellaneous
solvent and chemical intermediate uses, 10%; exports, 20%.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Isopropanol. Demand: 1,275 million lb; 1987: 1,325 million lb; 1991
/projected/: 1,400 million lb (Includes exports; in addition, 107 million lb were imported in 1986).
50th highest volume chemical produced in the USA (1985)
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| Apparent Color | COLORLESS LIQUID
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| Odor | PLEASANT ODOR ; SLIGHT ODOR RESEMBLING THAT OF MIXT OF
ETHANOL & ACETONE
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| Boiling Point | 82.5 DEG C @ 760 MM HG
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| Melting Point | -88.5 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 60.09
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| Density | 0.78505 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | 90 mg/cu m
MIN CONCN WITH IDENTIFIABLE ODOR IS 200 PPM.
Odor threshold 7.84 mg/cu m (low) 490 mg/cu m (high).
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| Sensitivity Data | MILD IRRITATION OF THE EYES, NOSE AND THROAT WAS INDUCED IN
HUMAN SUBJECTS EXPOSED FOR 3 TO 5 MIN TO 400 PPM OF ISOPROPYL
ALCOHOL.
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| Environmental Impact | Isopropanol will enter the environment as emissions from its manufacture and use as a
solvent. It naturally occurs as a plant volatile and is released during the microbial degradation of
animal wastes. When released on land it is apt to volatilize and leach into groundwater and
possibly biodegrade but no data on the rates of these processes was found. Its fate in groundwater
is unknown. When released into water, isopropanol will volatilize and biodegrade. It would not be
expected to adsorb to sediment or bioconcentrate in fish. Although no data on its rate of
degradation in natural waters could be found, laboratory tests and the lack of monitoring data
suggests that it is not very long lived in this environment. In the atmosphere it will photodegrade
primarily by reaction with hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of one to several days. Human
exposure will be both in occupational atmospheres and from use of consumer products containing
isopropanol as a volatile solvent.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: When spilled on soil, isopropanol will both evaporate quickly and
leach into the ground due to its high vapor pressure and low adsorption to soil. Degradation in
soil and groundwater has not been determined. If soil degradation is not rapid, it is apt to leach
into the groundwater. .
AQUATIC FATE: When released into water, isopropyl alcohol will volatilize (estimated half-life
approximately 5.4 days) and may biodegrade. Although it is readily degradable in a number of
laboratory tests, no data on its degradability in natural waters could be found.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released into the atmosphere, isopropanol will photodegrade with
an estimated half-life ranging from one to several days. Due to its solubility in water, rainout may
be significant.
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| Drinking Water Impact | DRINKING WATER - detected in trace quantities in some samples of unspecified
sources .
SURFACE WATER: Identified, not quantified in Cayahooga River (tributary of Lake Erie) .
EFFL: Leachate from 5 Connecticut town landfill sites, 1 of 5 pos, 3.4 ppm . Tar water from
distillation of shale tar . Gas emission streptomycin production, 2.7% of total . Isopropanol
was found in leachate from Minnesota landfills in the range of 94-41,000 mg/l(6/6 samples
pos) . It was also found in groundwater suspected of leachate contamination (based on levels of
inorganics) - 8.6-2600 mg/l (6 of 13 samples pos), but not detected in ground water where
inorganics levels indicted good or unknown water quality .
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