| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
7005723
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| Synonyms | 4-Chlorophenylphenyl ether |
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Benzene, 1-chloro-4-phenoxy | 1-Chloro-4-phenoxybenzene |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 611 |
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EPA Method 625 |
EPA Method 8110 |
EPA Method 8250A |
| Molecular Formula | C12H9ClO |
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| Use | Dielectric fluid
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| Boiling Point | 284-5 deg C
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| Melting Point | -8 deg C
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| Molecular Weight | 204.65
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| Density | 1.2026 @ 15 deg C
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| Environmental Impact | 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether which finds use as a dielectric fluid, can be released to the
environment during its manufacture, formulation, and through its use in capacitors. If released to
the atmosphere, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether should react with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 1.3 days. Direct photolysis in the atmosphere
should be an important fate process, as 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether has an absorption greater
than 290 nm. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether should be expected to undergo biodegradation in soil
and in water. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether should display slight mobility in soil, and volatilization
to the atmosphere may be an important process. If released to water, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
would be expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended material, can volatilize to the
atmosphere, and should bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Degradation by direct photolysis in
surface water has been estimated to proceed with a half-life of 200-400 days. Volatilization from
water to the atmosphere should be an important fate process. The estimated volatilization half-life
for a model river is 6 hours, while from a model pond which takes into account adsorption
processes, the estimated half-life is 40 days. Exposure to 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether should be
by inhalation and dermal contact which might occur during its manufacture, formulation, or use in
capacitors.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether should be
expected to undergo biodegradation(1,2,3). Based on the log octanol/water partition coefficient
(Kow) for 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether, and on the water solubility , Koc values can be
calculated to fall in the range 2260-3950(4,SRC), suggesting slight mobility in soil(5,SRC).
Consideration of the Henry's Law constant, 8.4X10-4 atm cu-m/mol , suggests that
volatilization from moist soil might be an important fate process.
AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether should be expected to
undergo biodegradation(1,2,3). 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether has an absorption maximum centered
at 293 nm (in methanol) , and thus should undergo direct photochemical degradation in the
upper layer of surface water. Based on laboratory rate constants obtained for
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether in water, the calculated half-life in surface waters at 40 deg lattitude
is 200 days (summer) and greater than 400 days (winter) . Based on the Henry's Law constant
for 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether, 8.4X10-4 atm cu-m/mol at 25 deg C , volatilization from
water should be an active fate process. The estimated volatilization half-life for a model
river is 6 hours(6,SRC). The estimated volatilization from a model pond, which takes into account
adsorption processes, is 39 days(7,SRC). 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether should not undergo
hydrolysis, but should be expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended matter. An
experimentally determined BCF for rainbow trout, 736 , demonstrates that bioaccumulation in
aquatic organisms can occur.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether, which has
a maximum UV absorption at 293 nm (in methanol) , would be expected to undergo direct
photochemical degradation(1,SRC). The estimated half-life for the reaction with photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere is 1.3 days(2,SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: It is not possible to determine the most probable aquatic fate for
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether from available data. This pollutant is reported to be rapidly degraded
by acclimated sewage sludge, but biodegradation data from river water die away experiments
indicate that this cmpd has a potential for persistence in natural surface waters. Sorption by
organic rich sediments & bioaccumulation in fish have been demonstrated. Although photolysis
may make a minor contribution to the degradation of this pollutant near the air water surface,
oxidation & hydrolysis are probably not important as fate processes. The role of volatilization is
uncertain.
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| Drinking Water Impact | SURFACE WATER: U.S. EPA Storet Data Base, for 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 837
samples, 0.2% positive, median concn less than 10 ug/l . Identified in two samples of water
from the River Lee, United Kingdom, in concn less than 0.1 ug/l . Detected in 4 of 150 raw
water extracts and 8 out of 155 finished water extracts at 11 water utilities in the Ohio River
Basin, 1977-78, at concn of approx 0.2 ug/l (may have been up to 1 ug/l) . Not detected in 86
samples from 51 rainwater runoff catchments located throughout the USA (detection limits not
given) .
EFFL: U.S. EPA Storet Data Base, 1,333 samples, 1.1% positive, median concn less than 10
ug/L . 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether was not detected in 86 samples from 51 stormwater
catchments located throughout the USA (detection limits not given) .
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