| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
71363
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| CASRN |
71-36-3 |
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| Synonyms | n-Butyl alcohol |
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1-Butanol |
| Analytical Method |
EPA Method 8260 |
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| Molecular Formula | C4H10O |
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Link to the National Library of Medicine's Hazardous Substances
Database for more details
on this compound. |
| Use | SOLVENT FOR VEGETABLE OILS, DYES, ALKALOIDS; AS INT IN
MANUFACTURE OF PHARMACEUTICALS
MEDICATION (VET): BACTERICIDE
FABRIC COATING; MANUFACTURE OF SAFETY GLASS
Solvent for oils and fats, waxes, resins, shellac, varnishes and rubbers; raw material for butyl
acetate
CHEM INT FOR ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER, PLASTICIZERS INCL
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE; CHEM INT FOR BUTYLAMINES, 2,4-D ESTERS
REPORTED USES: NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 12 PPM; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
1.0 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 7.0 PPM; CANDY 34 PPM; BAKED GOODS 32 PPM;
CREAM 4.0 PPM
Medication: n-Butyl alcohol has been admin to patients for the control of postoperative pain in
otolaryngeal surgery and for an unexplained anti-hemorrhagic effect in those with far advanced
cancer.
Manufacture of hydraulic fluids; detergent formulations; dehydrating agent; intermediate for
glycol ethers, butyl acrylate
Used in alkyd resin coatings; provide diluent for formulating brake fluids suitable for use in
passenger cars; used as an extractant in the mfr of antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones
As stabilizing agent.
As entrainer
Application in surface coatings; in adhesive and as a solvent adhesive in the manufacture of
garments from polyvinyl butyral coated fabric; in the manufacture of derivatives of butyl alcohol,
including chemicals, herbicides, ore flotation agents, urea and melamine formaldehyde resins, and
pharmaceuticals. Denatured alcohol, a swelling agent in textiles, is also used as an azeotrophic
dehydrating agent and blending agent in laboratory analysis.
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| Consumption Patterns | 20% AS A SOLVENT FOR SURFACE COATINGS; 14% FOR SYNTHESIS OF
GLYCOL ETHERS (INCL ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER); 12% FOR
PLASTICIZERS (INCL DIBUTYL PHTHALATE); 20% FOR N-BUTYL ACETATE; 10%
EXPORTED; 7% FOR SYNTHESIS OF N-BUTYL ACRYLATE; 15% FOR MISC APPLCNS
(INCL SYNTHESIS OF BUTYLAMINES AND 2,4-D ESTERS) (1972)
30% FOR BUTYL ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATE; 23% FOR GLYCOL ETHERS;
12.5% FOR BUTYL ACETATE; 12.5% FOR SOLVENT; 8% FOR PLASTICIZERS; 5% FOR
AMINO RESINS; 1% FOR AMINES; 1% MISCELLANEOUS; 7% FOR EXPORTS (1984)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: n-Butanol. Butylacrylate and methacrylate, 28%; glycol ethers, 20%;
solvent use, 12%; butyl acetate, 10%; plasticizers, 6%; amino resins, 3%; amines, 1%;
miscellaneous, 2%; exports, 18%.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: n-Butanol. Demand: 1986: 1,000 million lb; 1987: 1,100 million lb; 1991
/projected/: 1,150 million lb (Includes exports; imports are negligible).
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| Apparent Color | LIQUID
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| Odor | HARSH FUSEL ODOR WITH BANANA ; ODOR SIMILAR TO AMYL ALCOHOL ;
Rancid, sweet
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| Boiling Point | 117.2 DEG C
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| Melting Point | -89.5 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 74.12
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| Density | 0.8098 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | Water odor threshold: 7.1 mg/l. Air odor threshold: 0.83 ppm. Odor safety class: B. B=
odor safety factor 26-550. 50-90% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
2.50 ppm (detection in water, chemically pure)
2.77 ppm (detection in air, chemically pure)
2.88 ppm (detection in air, chemically pure)
2.86X10-9 moles/l (detection in air, purity not specified)
1.10X10-13 molecules/cu cm (detection in air, purity not specified)
3.00X10-1 ppm (detection in air, purity not specified)
1.00 ppm (recognition in air, purity not specified)
1.20X10-1 ppm (detection in air, purity not specified)
4.10X10-1 ppm (detection in air, purity not specified)
8.20X10 10 molecules/cu cm (in air, purity not specified)
6.80X10-1 ppm (detection in air, purity not specified)
1.80 ppm (recognition in air, purity not specified)
Odor Thresholds 0.3600 mg/cu m (low) 150.000 mg/cu m (high).
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| Sensitivity Data | May cause irritation of mucous membranes.
Vapor: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat; Liquid: Irritating to skin and eyes.
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| Environmental Impact | Release of n-butanol to the environment is expected to result from its use as a solvent in a
variety of products. It may also be released by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. Release of
n-butanol to soil may result in volatilization from the soil surface and biodegradation is expected
to be significant. n-Butanol should not bind strongly to soil and so is expected to leach into
groundwater. Release of n-butanol to water is expected to result in biodegradation and in
volatilization from the water surface. Photooxidation by hydroxyl radicals is expected to be slow.
Bioconcentration is not expected to be significant. Vapor phase n-butanol in the atmosphere is
expected to react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of 1.2
(experimental)-2.3 (estimated) days. Human exposure to n-butanol is expected to result primarily
from contact with products containing the compound.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: When released to soil, n-butanol is expected to leach to
groundwater or to biodegrade. Volatilization from the soil surface may also occur.
AQUATIC FATE: In water, n-butanol is expected to biodegrade. Volatilization from the water
surface is expected to occur with estimated half-lives of 2.4 hr, 3.9 hr and 125.9 days in streams,
rivers and lakes . The actual tendency of n-butanol to volatilize depends upon the temperature,
turbulence, wind speed, current velocity and the depth of the water bodies. n-Butanol is not
expected to bind strongly to suspended sediments. Bioconcentration is not expected to be
significant. The rate of the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and n-butanol in water is
2.2X10 9 l/mol sec . Assuming an hydroxyl radical concentration of 1X10-17 M in water, this
corresponds to a half-life of about 1 year(2,SRC).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The rate constant for the reaction between n-butanol and hydroxyl
radicals is 6.8X10-10 cc/molecule sec . Using a hydroxyl radical concentration of 1X10 6
molecule/cc, the half-life was calculated to be 1.2 days . The half-life of n-butanol in a sunlit
urban atmosphere was estimated to be 5 hr . The half-life for the reaction of vapor phase
n-butanol in the atmosphere with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals was estimated to
be 2.30 days .
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| Drinking Water Impact | SURFACE WATER: Tatsuno City, Japan - 318 ppb . n-Butanol was detected but not
quantified in water samples from Lake Ontario .
EFFL: Effluents from an unidentified petrochemical company contained about 16.0 mg/l n-butanol
and discharged approximately 90 lbs n-butanol/day .
In yr-old leachate of artificial sanitary landfill: 0.21 g/l
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