| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
72208
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| Synonyms | Endrin |
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1,4:5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,
1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-endo,endo- | 3,4,5,6,9,9-Hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene | Mendrin | Compound 269 |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 505 |
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EPA Method 508 |
EPA Method 525 |
EPA Method 608 |
EPA Method 617 |
EPA Method 625 |
EPA Method 8080A |
EPA Method 8081 |
EPA Method 8250A |
| Molecular Formula | C12H8Cl6O |
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| Use | IT IS A NON-SYSTEMIC & PERSISTENT INSECTICIDE USED MAINLY ON FIELD
CROPS. IT IS NON-PHYTOTOXIC @ INSECTICIDAL CONCN, BUT IS SUSPECTED OF
/CAUSING DAMAGE TO MAIZE. SRP: FORMER USE
Insecticide used to control the army cutworm (Euxoa aoxiliaris), the pale western cutworm
(Agrotis orthogonia), pine vole (Microtus pinetorium), meadow voles (Microtus species), and
grasshoppers, but only when federal regulations are strictly followed. SRP: Former use
INSECTICIDE FOR SMALL GRAINS, SUGARCANE, & APPLE ORCHARDS SRP:
FORMER USE
The only known use of endrin is as an insecticide, as an avicide, and as a rodenticide. Former use
Endrin has been used mainly on field crops such as cotton and grains. It has also been used for
grasshoppers in noncropland and to control voles and mice in orchards. SRP: Former use
Control of a wide range of insects (particularly Lepidoptera) in cotton, maize, sugarcane, rice,
cereals, ornamentals, and other crops. SRP: Former use
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| Consumption Patterns | ESSENTIALLY 100% AS AN INSECTICIDE
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| Apparent Color | WHITE, CRYSTALLINE SOLID
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| Odor | Odorless
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| Melting Point | BELOW 392 DEG F
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| Molecular Weight | 380.93
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| Density | Specific gravity 1.7 @ 20 deg C.
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| Odor Threshold Concentration | 1.80x10-2 ppm (perfume/flavor grade purity).
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| Environmental Impact | Endrin has been formely used as an insecticide on cotton (its major use) and grains, and as
an avicide, and rodenticide. EPA presently considers the pesticide cancelled. Endrin is very
persistent, but it is known to photodegrade to delta-ketoendrin (half-life 7 days - June). Endrin
released to soil will persist for long periods (up to 14 yrs or more), will reach the air either
through very slow evaporation or adsorption on dust particles, will not leach to groundwater, and
will reach surface water with surface runoff. Once endrin reaches surface waters it will adsorb
strongly to sediments, bioconcentrate in fish, and photodegrade. Biodegradation will not be an
important process. Fate of endrin in the atmosphere is unknown, but it probably will be primarily
associated with particulate matter and be removed mainly by rainout and dry deposition.
Monitoring data demonstrates that endrin continues to be a contaminant in air, water, sediment,
soil, fish, and other aquatic organisms. Human exposure appears to come mostly from food or
occupational exposure.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Endrin released to soils will persist for extremely long periods of
time (up to 14 yr or more). Biodegradation may be enhanced somewhat in flooded soils or under
anaerobic conditions. Its low water solubility and strong adsorption to soil makes leaching into
groundwater unlikely; However, the detection of endrin in certain groundwater samples suggest
that leaching may be possible in some soils. Small amounts may volatilize from soil or be carried
by dust particles into the air. Runoff from rain or irrigation of particle-associated endrin will carry
particle-associated endrin to water systems(1,SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: Endrin released to water systems will not hydrolyze or biodegrade. It will be
subject to photoisomerization to ketoendrin. It will extensively sorb to sediment and will
significantly bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Evaporation from water will not be significant
based on a calculated Henry's law constant of 4X10-7 atm cu m/mol(1,SRC).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Little is known about the fate of endrin in the atmosphere. Because of
its low vapor pressure and high Koc, endrin is probably associated with particulate matter. It will
likely be subject to photoisomerization to ketoendrin. A half-life of 1.45 hrs has been predicted for
reaction with hydroxyl radicals(1,SRC).
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| Drinking Water Impact | DRINKING WATER: Endrin has been detected in 3 New Orleans, LA finished drinking
waters at 4-8 parts/trillion and in Ottawa, Canada tap water at <13 parts/trillion . Drinking
water from Franklin, LA - 1961-62 (area of high endrin use) contained a maximum of 23
parts/trillion .
GROUNDWATER: New Jersey, 1977-79, detected in 114 of 1076 samples - max 0.2 ppb .
Detected, not quantified in 1 or more of 54 wells in California and 1 or more of 40 wells in
New Jersey .
SURFACE WATER: Major river basins, US 1957-65, 732 samples, 38% pos, 7-149
parts/trillion ; New Jersey, 1977-79, 604 samples, 18% pos, 0.5 ppb max(11). US, 1964-68,
529 samples, 13% pos, 0.086-0.133 ppb . Western US streams, 1968-71, detected in 1 of 20
sited,0.01-0.03 ppb ; 1967-68, 333 samples from 20 stations, 1% pos, 0.01-0.07 ppb ; 1965,
114 samples, 6% pos, 5-40 parts/trillion . Major US streams, 96 stations, 0.094 ppb max(6).
Habitant Creek, Nova Scotia, Canada farm area, fall, 1972 - not detected to 18.46 ppb, median -
0.04 ppb(7). Tule Lake, CA - April, 1965-Feb 1967, 44 samples, 41% pos, .7-100
parts/trillion(8). Northeast LA, 1 of 3 lakes, 6 parts/trillion ave(9); Bayou Yokely, LA, fall, 1964 -
not detected to 530 parts/trillion, 130 parts/trillion avg(10).
SEAWATER: Dutch estuarian mixing area, June 1974, 5 to 60 ppt, Dec 1974, 2 to 8 ppt; Dutch
coastal waters, June 1979, <0.01 to 0.3 parts/trillion . Galveston Bay, TX, fall 1964, not
detected .
RAIN WATER: 12 locations across Canada, April 1977 - Dec 1980, 210 samples, 44% pos
detection limit (>1 parts/trillion, detection limit = .001 ppb), 10 ppb max .
EFFL: Not detected in 51 catchments of runoff in 19 cities, 1977-82 . Industrial raw
wastewater, 148 samples, 6% pos, 8 quantitative results ranged 5 to 10 ppb .
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