| Chemical Abstract Number (CAS #) |
79005
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| Synonyms | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane |
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Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- |
| Analytical Methods |
EPA Method 502.2 |
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EPA Method 524.1 |
EPA Method 524.2 |
EPA Method 601 |
EPA Method 624 |
EPA Method 8010B |
EPA Method 8021A |
EPA Method 8240B |
EPA Method 8260A |
| Molecular Formula | C2H3Cl3 |
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| Use | Used in adhesives, production of teflon tubing, in lacquer, and coating formulations.
Intermediate in the production of vinylidine chloride, as a solvent and component of adhesives.
SOLVENT-EG, FOR CHLORINATED RUBBERS & POLYESTERS
SOLVENT FOR FATS, OILS, WAXES, RESINS, OTHER PRODUCTS; ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS.
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| Apparent Color | Colorless liquid
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| Odor | PLEASANT ODOR ; Sweet odor like chloroform
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| Boiling Point | 113.8 DEG C AT 760 MM HG
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| Melting Point | -36.5 DEG C
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| Molecular Weight | 133.42
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| Density | 1.4416 AT 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
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| Sensitivity Data | Eye irritant
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| Environmental Impact | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane will enter the atmosphere from its use in the manufacture of
vinylidene chloride and its use as a solvent. It will also be discharged in wastewater associated
with these uses and in leachates and volatile emissions from landfills. Releases to water will
primarily be lost through evaporation. Once in the atmosphere, 1,1,2-trichloroethane will
photodegrade slowly by reaction with hydroxyl radicals (half-life 24-50 days in unpolluted
atmospheres to a few days in polluted atmospheres). 1,1,2-Trichloroethane has a low soil partition
coefficient and as such will not partition into sediment and will readily pass through soil into the
groundwater where biodegradation, if it occurs, may be very slow. Bioconcentration is not a
significant process. Primary human exposure is from occupational exposure and from ambient air
in the vicinity of industrial sources and contaminated drinking water.
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| Environmental Fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: When released to land 1,1,2-trichloroethane should partially
volatilize and partially leach into the groundwater. Experimentally determined Koc values of
83-209 indicated that 1,1,2-trichloroethane will be moderately to highly mobile in soil(1,SRC).
Several biodegradation screening studies have determined that 1,1,2-trichloroethane is resistant to
biodegradation. Other screening studies have observed biotransformation under anaerobic
conditions(2,3). Biodegradation in groundwater or subsurface regions may occur, but appears to
be very slow(4,SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: When released into water, 1,1,2-trichloroethane should primarily volatilize
into the atmosphere(1,2). Little of the chemical will be lost by adsorption to sediment or by
biodegradation. Aquatic hydroylsis and bioconcentration are not expected to be important
environmentally.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 23 mm Hg at 25 deg C ,
1,1,2-trichloroethane is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient
atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade slowly in an average ambient atmosphere by reaction with
photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 24-50 days)(3,4,SRC).
Physical removal from air via wet deposition is possible since 1,1,2-trichloroethane is relatively
soluble in water.
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| Drinking Water Impact | DRINKING WATER: Analysis of 945 finished water supplies nationwide (USEPA
Groundwater Supply Survey) that use groundwater sources did not detect any
1,1,2-trichloroethane at a quantification limit of 0.5 ppb . 1,1,2-Trichloroethane has been
detected in drinking water from samples of US cities(2,3,4) with 0.1-8.5 ppb being measured in
the finished water from one metropolitan supply . 20 ppb reported in a contaminated New York
State well(5,6); 30 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities, 2 positive, 7 ppb max in Aug/Sept; not
detected in Nov/Dec(7).
SURFACE WATER: 1,1.2-Trichloroethane was detected in 2.0% of 1047 USEPA STORET
water stations at a median concn below 5.0 ppb . Not detected in raw water from 30 Canadian
treatment facilities . Detected not qualified River Glatt, Switzerland 53 to 603 samples pos in
representative New Jersey surface waters, max 18.7 ppb ; 2 tributaries on Ohio River, 3 of 7
samples pos, 0.6 ppb max, not found in 88 additional stations Ohio River mainstream 0.4% of
246 samples pos, <1.0 ppb avg(5,6). Not detected in Schuylkill River at Philadephia, PA, DL=
0.01 ppb(6).
GROUND WATER: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane was detected in 2 of 13 groundwater samples
(associated with leaching from waste sites) from Minnesota at levels of 7.7 and 31 ppb .
Detected in 72 of 1069 samples in New Jersey, max 31.1 ppb, some of the most polluted being
under urban land use areas(2,3).
SEA WATER: Shorewater conc of 1,1,2-trichloroethane off Point Reyes, CA 153
parts/trillion .
EFFL: Industries whose mean waste water effluent exceeds 500 ppb are auto and other laundries
and paint and ink formulations, max observed effluent concn is 3 ppm (auto and other
laundries) 5.4 ppm detected in industrial effluent discharge . 1,1,2-Trichloroethane was
detected in 2.8% of 1345 USEPA STORET effluent stations at a median concn below 2.0 ppb .
Positive identification was made for 1 of 13 effluent samples collected from a community septic
tank serving 97 homes near Tacoma, WA .
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